Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is infection and inflammation of the very small breathing tubes in your child's lungs, the bronchioles. It is almost always caused by a virus, most commonly Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). This virus causes small airway inflammation and blocks airflow which makes it difficult to breath. If breathing becomes difficult the child may be admitted to the hospital.
Signs and Symptoms: A baby will often start with signs of a cold such as runny nose and cough and possible fever. In a few days breathing problems may arise. Some of these symptoms may include:
- Cough or wheeze
- Fast breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Decrease appetite or liquid intake resulting in dehydration
- Decreased urination
- More severe signs include retractions (the chest caves in, ribs are visible, and the belly goes up and down) and nasal flaring
- Skin turns blue
Bronchiolitis is caused by a virus, not a bacteria so antibiotics are not helpful unless there is a secondary bacterial infection such as a middle ear infection or pneumonia.
Risk Factors: Children less than 2 years of age, children who are less than 6 months of age are more likely to be hospitalized. This disease is most common in the late fall and early winter. Premature infants or those with lung disease are at an even higher risk.
Prevention includes frequent hand washing. Premature or high risk infants who meet certain criteria, may receive Synagis-RSV immunoglobulin's to prevent disease.
Treatment: In general, treatment is aimed at getting your child over the worst of the symptoms. If there are signs or symptoms of respiratory distress such as wheezing, dehydration or difficulty breathing, your child may be hospitalized.
Call our office if the rectal temperature is >100.4 and less than 8 weeks old, there are signs of respiratory distress such as rapid breathing, wheezing, nasal flaring, or retractions. There is dehydration (decrease urine output, decrease tears, or dry mouth) or your child seems irritable or anxious.