Croup
Croup is in upper respiratory infection characterized by a distinct cough, described as a barking or seal like cough. Croup involves the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). Often the voice is hoarse.
It is typically caused by a viral infection in children less than 4 years old and is more common in the winter.
Symptoms often start with a runny nose, sore throat and then they develop the barking cough. Sometimes, stridor may develop, which is a harsh, raspy sound when your child breaths in. It is more concerning when you hear this while your child is resting. Fever may or may not be present. Symptoms are worse at night and improve during the day. The symptoms may last for a week, typically being worst on the 3rd day.
Diagnosis is usually made by the physical exam. Occasionally, an x-ray of the neck is needed.
Treatment: Mild symptoms may be treated at home. Cool mist with a vaporizer or moist air with a humidifier may be helpful. Turning on a hot shower and sitting in the bathroom with your child may also help. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be necessary for fever. Warm, clear fluids may also be helpful. Avoid over the counter cough medications if your child is less than 6 years old.
For more severe croup, treatment at the doctor's office or emergency room may be necessary. Steroids have been shown to help the inflammation and decrease the symptoms much more quickly. These may be given orally or by an injection. Racemic epinephrine may by be given through a mask. Antibiotics are typically not helpful unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. If dehydrated, fluids may be needed.
Call our office immediately if you are concerned that your child is having difficulty breathing, there is stridor at rest, your child is drooling, spitting, or having difficulty swallowing.